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:''This article deals with cooperation between the European Union and non-member states. For the use of the term to describe Franco-German cooperation at and since the Treaty of Maastricht, see France–Germany relations'' Privileged partnership is a generic term for cooperation between the European Union and a non-EU country to advance common goals〔Wilhelm Knelangen, "A Neighbourhood of Freedom, Security and Justice?", see (here )〕 without using EU membership.〔Claus Leggewie "Privileged partnership, less democracy?", www.eurozine.com 2008-07-08, see (here )〕〔"BORDERING AND ORDERING THE EUROPEAN NEIGHBOURHOOD: A CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE ON EU TERRITORIALITY AND GEOPOLITICS", James Wesley Scott, University of Joensuu, TRAMES, 2009, 13(63/58), 3, 232–247, see (here )〕〔"THE EUROPEAN NEIGHBOURHOOD POLICY: THE EUROPEAN UNION'S NEW ENGAGEMENT TOWARDS WIDER EUROPE", by Sevilay KAHRAMAN, see (here )〕 ==History== The term is usually used to describe an alternative to EU membership for Turkey that was first floated in November 2002 by Heinrich August Winkler in Die Zeit〔Heinrich August Winkler: (Wir erweitern uns zu Tode ) Die Zeit Nr. 46, 7. November 2002〕 and later formally proposed in 2004,〔"WHAT IS PRIVILEGED PARTNERSHIP FOR?", Diplomatic Observer, 16 July 2009, see (here )〕〔"Preserving Europe : Offer Turkey a privileged partnership instead" By Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, Wednesday, 15 December 2004, see (here )〕 although the term was used previously in 2003 to describe a proposed relationship with Russia〔"French president speaks for Russia-EU privileged partnership", 31.05.2003, Pravda.ru, see (here )〕 and was also used in 2004 for a proposed relationship with Israel.〔"Spanish foreign minister backs virtual membership for Israel", 03.12.04 @ 09:55 EUObserver, see (here )〕 Since that time, the term has been used for alternatives for EU membership for Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro and Kosovo,〔"Merkel moots privileged partnership for Balkans" 17.03.06 @ 13:49 EUObserver, see (here )〕 has since been used retrospectively to characterise relationships with the countries〔"COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION, European Neighbourhood Policy STRATEGY PAPER, Brussels, 12.5.2004 COM(2004) 373 final see (here )〕〔"The Eastern Dimension of the European Neighbourhood Policy: A Romanian approach" Iulian Chifu, Conflict Prevention and Early Warning Centre, Bucharest see (here )〕〔Foreign Ministry, Foreign Policy, Europe, Neighbourhood Policy, from the Austrian Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs, see (here )〕 considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy that were first proposed in the Commission Communication of March 2003,〔"COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT: Wider Europe — Neighbourhood: A New Framework for Relations with our Eastern and Southern Neighbours" Brussels, 11.3.2003 COM(2003) 104 final, see (here )〕 and is also used for the EU's bilateral relationship with Tunisia〔"EU-Tunisia: privileged partnership in November, Barroso says: Fule and Bettaieb sign financial aid plans for health, justice" 02 OCTOBER, 19:13, ANSAMed, see (here )〕〔"Tunisia to become Privileged Partner to European Union", Hend Hassassi, 29 October 2012, see (here )〕〔"Tunisia’s Privileged Partnership With the European Union", Nadya B’Chir. Translated from Business News (Tunisia), November 2012 see (here )〕 and with Russia.〔"The Economic Rationale of the European Neighborhood Policy", Susanne Milcher, Ben Slay, Mark Collins, United Nations’ Development Programme 2006, see (here )〕 Ultimately the term dates back to 1957 when it was used to characterise Morocco's relationship with the European Economic Community.〔"Neighborhood and Enlargement Policy: Comparing the Democratization Impact of the European Union in Morocco and Turkey", Martina Warning, WP 4/2006, CIRES (Italian Research Centre for European Studies), see (here )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Privileged partnership」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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